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As described in 7, you can black out the screen, as shown in Figure 8-24 (upper left), by right-clicking and formatting the background color as black or by inserting a black rectangle to ll the screen. You could also use another dark color to ll the screen or rectangle, but in any case, make sure that the headline color is the same color as the background so that the headline will not appear on screen. If you plan to use a physical prop, either black out the screen or drag the headline down to the middle of the screen (upper right). Another option is to take a photo of the prop and insert it on the slide. (If you re looking for sources for props, try art supplies stores like Blick Art Materials [www. dickblick.com], hardware or toy stores, and theatrical design companies.) Although there

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In direct opposition to local variables, Ruby can also use global variables. Much as their name suggests, global variables are available from everywhere within an application, including inside classes or objects. Global variables can be useful, but aren t commonly used in Ruby. They don t mesh well with the ideals of object-oriented programming, as once you start using global variables across an application, your code is likely to become dependent on them. Because the ability to separate blocks of logic from one another is a useful aspect of object-oriented programming, global variables are not favored. However, I ll touch on global variables again later in this book, so it s useful to know how they re constructed. You define global variables by putting a dollar sign ($) in front of the variable name, like so:

There are three simple ways to run another program from within Ruby: the system method (defined in the Kernel module), backtick syntax (``), and delimited input literals (%x{}).Using system is ideal when you want to run another program and aren t concerned with its output, whereas you should use backticks when you want the output of the remote program returned. These lines demonstrate two ways of running the system s date program:

For the first line, x equals true, whereas on the second line x contains the output of the date command. Which method you use depends on what you re trying to achieve. If you don t want the output of the other program to show on the same screen as that of your Ruby script, then use backticks (or a literal, %x{}).

8

Usually when you import something from a module you either use import somemodule or from somemodule import somefunction or

%x{} is functionally equivalent to using backticks; for example, %x{date}.

Sometimes it s desirable to jump immediately to another program and cease execution of the current program. This is useful if you have a multistep process and have written an application for each. To end the current program and invoke another, simply use the exec method in place of system. For example:

is only text on this slide, keep in mind that you and your prop will be the visual elements that illustrate the headline. To switch to an application on an Explanation slide, drag the headline to the center (lower left). Again, although this slide contains only text, it serves as the headline that introduces your activity next as you switch applications. If you re then showing a demonstration in another application, be sure to hide the corresponding Detail slides (lower right), as described in 7 when you right-click and choose Hide Slide, you ll see that the number of the slide in the lower-right corner has a line through it.

exec "ruby another_script.rb" puts "This will never be displayed"

In this example, execution is transferred to a different program, and the current program ceases immediately the second line is never executed.

Now start at the beginning of the presentation and add the graphics to your Act I slides that you sketched in 7. Those sketches are shown in Figure 8-25. In the completed example shown in Figure 8-26, the PowerPoint chart on the Setting slide (upper left) conveys the shape of the line in an extremely simple way without detail. The usual detail in a chart is not needed here because in this speci c context, the reason you chose this image is that everyone in the audience is already familiar with the chart and agrees that the data is true. Here the purpose is not to analyze the graph as you will likely do on a Detail slide later in the presentation, but rather to visually cue the audience as quickly as possible to the topic and establish the setting. The Role slide features